1. Long-Term, Predisposing Causes
2. Biological Causes
3. Phobias
4. Short-Term Triggering Causes
5. Maintaining Causes
6. Lack of Assertiveness
7. Medications
8. Hyperventilation Syndrome
9. Situation Specific Panic Attacks
10. Pharmacological Triggers
Long-Term, Predisposing Causes
Long term causes are known as heredity; panic disorder, the repeated and persistent panic attacks states, has been found to run in generations of the families, which conveys that inheritance genes play a crucial role in choosing the next victim [...]

The symptoms of panic attacks involve physical, mental, environmental, and perceptual symptoms.
Physical
• A sensation of adrenaline going through your entire body
• Burning sensations
• Chest pain
• Choking or smothering sensations
• Dizziness or vertigo
• Exhaustion
• Feeling of claustrophobia
• Feeling of physical weakness or limpness of the body
• Grinding teeth or tensing other muscles repeatedly or for prolonged periods of time
• Headache
• Hot/cold flashes
• Hyperventilation
• Lightheadedness
• Nausea / stomach pains
• Racing or pounding [...]

Panic attacks are the sudden, unexpected periods of intense anxiety, resulting from the physiological arousal, discomfort and fear which are linked to arrays of cognitive and somatic symptoms. Even though panic attacks may occur suddenly without having apparent triggers and seem to appear random, they all occur due to the evolutionary response known as fight [...]